Cut the florets: Wash your cauliflower head and cut it into small, bite-sized florets, about 1 to 1.5 inches in size.
Toss with oil and seasonings: Place the florets in a large bowl, drizzle with 2 tablespoons of olive oil, and sprinkle generously with salt, pepper, garlic powder, and Italian seasoning, tossing until evenly coated.
Roast until tender: Spread the cauliflower on a baking sheet in a single layer and roast at 400°F for 15 to 18 minutes, stirring halfway through, until the florets are tender and lightly browned.
Transfer to baking dish: Preheat your oven to 375°F and transfer the roasted cauliflower florets to a 9x13 inch baking dish.
Layer the sauce and cheese: Pour the entire jar of marinara sauce over the cauliflower, stirring gently to coat all the florets evenly, then sprinkle 1 cup of mozzarella cheese over the top.
Add toppings: Distribute the pepperoni slices evenly across the casserole, pressing them lightly into the cheese, then top with the remaining 1 cup of mozzarella cheese.
Bake until bubbly: Bake at 375°F for 12 to 15 minutes, until the cheese is melted and bubbly around the edges and the casserole is heated through.